The 1st federal electoral district of San Luis Potosí () is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of seven such districts in the state of San Luis Potosí.
It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Aremy Velazco Bautista of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
District territory.
Under the 2022 districting plan adopted by the National Electoral Institute (INE), which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections, 
the first district is situated in the north and west of the state, along the border with Nuevo León, Zacatecas and Guanajuato. It covers 340 electoral precincts () across 15 of the state's municipalities:
The district's head town (), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and tallied, is the city of Matehuala. The district reported a population of 381,815 in the 2020 Census.
Previous districting schemes.
2017–2022
Between 2017 and 2022, the district comprised 14 municipalities in the state's north and north-west: the same group as in the 2022 plan except for Villa de Arriaga. Matehuala served as the head town. 
2005–2017
Under the 2005 plan, the district comprised the same 14 municipalities as in the 2017 scheme. Matehuala served as the head town.
1996–2005
From 1996 to 2005, the district covered 14 municipalities: Catorce, Cedral, Charcas, Guadalcázar, Matehuala, Moctezuma, Salinas, Santo Domingo, Vanegas, Venado, Villa de Arista, Villa de Guadalupe, Villa de la Paz and Villa de Ramos. Matehuala served as the head town.
1978–1996
The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, San Luis Potosí's seat allocation rose from five to seven. The first district covered a part of the state capital, the city of San Luis Potosí.