Menahem ben Jacob Shalem (Menahem Agler, – ) was a Jewish philosopher, writer and rabbi from Prague who lived during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. An Aristotelian and a follower of Maimonides, he rejected Kabbalah. He may be considered a rationalist philosopher. He was a leader of the Prague circle of scholars that included his friends and colleagues Avigdor Kara and Yom-Tov Lipmann-Muhlhausen, and was a member of the beit din in Prague. He wrote critical glosses on Moses of Narbonne. Unlike Kara, he was not concerned with grammar.