The Madeira Archipelago is a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago consists of Madeira, the largest island, as well as Porto Santo Island and the Desertas Islands (Deserta Grande, Ilhéu Chão, and Bugio). The islands are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of vascular plants, including the endemic genera "Chamaemeles", "Musschia", "Parafestuca", and "Sinapidendron". Although the Madeira archipelago is politically part of Portugal, the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats Madeira as distinct botanical country. The archipelago is part of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region which also includes the Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and the Selvagens.
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †.