ATM Azharul Islam is a Bangladeshi politician and served as the acting Secretary General of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami.
Early life.
Islam was born in Lohanipara village in Badarganj Upazila, Rangpur District. 
Controversies.
He was held with charges of involvement in crimes against humanity committed during the Bangladesh War of Independence.
He is accused of leading Al-Badr, a militia that is accused of collaborating with Pakistani forces during the war. He is alleged to have orchestrated the Jharuarbeel massacre in April 1971, where 1,200 civilians were killed. On 27 May 2025, he was acquitted by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
Career.
Islam was accused of being a commander of Al-Badr's Rangpur branch during the Bangladesh War of Independence. The source is using a testimony taken on a court which is accused of Skype Scandal in which the chairman of the tribunal was found to discuss the verdict with a person living abroad over skype. The Al-Badr was a paramilitary unit that worked under the Pakistan Army during the war. 
Islam contested the June 1996 Bangladeshi general election as a candidate of Jamaat-e-Islami from Rangpur-2. He received 8,273, the third highest share while the winning candidate Hussain Muhammad Ershad of the Jatiya Party received 66,929 votes.
Islam was the candidate of Jamaat-e-Islami for Rangpur-2 in the 2001 Bangladeshi general election. He came third with 17,788 votes while the winning candidate, Mohammad Ali Sarkar of the Islami Jatiya Oikya Front, 91,921 votes.
Islam contested elections from Rangpur-2 constituency (Badarganj and Taraganj) in the 2008 Bangladeshi general election. He came second with 36,586 votes while the winning candidate, Anisul Islam Mondal of the Jatiya Party received 166,271 votes.
In 2010, following the arrest of leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami, Azharul Islam stated: 
We are observing the situation. The legal battle to free our leaders will continue along with a peaceful movement.
Some leaders described the arrests as a moment of crisis for the party.
In January 2011, He announced Jamaat-e-Islami was fielding 39 mayoral candidates who will contest elections against the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. In February, as Acting Secretary General of Jamaat-e-Islami, Islam announced a series of strikes protesting against policies of the Awami League-led regime. In June 2011, Islam called a joint 3 hour strike with Acting Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir protesting a recommendation by the parliamentary special committee on constitutional amendment to remove the neutral caretaker government system. He was one of the accused individuals in a sedition case filed over comments on Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Home Minister by Rezaul Karim, former president of Islami Chhatra Shibir. He protested against comments by Manmohan Singh, "the then" prime minister of India, who accused Jamaat-e-Islami of being anti-Indian and accused Jamaat of being a partner of ISI. He was detained on 20 September 2011 after violent protests by Jamaat-e-Islami activists over not being allowed to hold a rally demanding the release of its leaders. The protests left 200 people injured, 28 cars burned down, 200 cars were vandalized along with roadside shops, and traffic was disrupted throughout Dhaka. The police filed a case against party activists, including Ameer Mohammad Shafiqur Rahman, for assaulting police officers during the protest.
Trial.
On August 22, 2012, Islam was arrested in Moghbazar. The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) filed five charges against him, including accusations of genocide, murder, and abduction. He was serving as the assistant general secretary of Jamaat-e-Islami. His prosecutor at the trial was Nurjahan Begum Mukta. His defence team was composed of senior counsel Abdur Razzaq, Mohammad Shishir Manir, and Imran Siddique. A women testified that he was involved in the rape of a pregnant woman for 19 days at Rangpur Town Hall during the Bangladesh War of Independence. 
In December 2014, he was sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal for his involvement in war crimes during the Bangladesh War in 1971. He was accused of being involved in the Jharuarbeel massacre in which more than 1,200 Hindus were murdered, a pregnant woman was raped at Rangpur Town Hall and a Mukti Bahini member and his brother were tortured. He was found innocent as the prosecution failed to prove accusations against him including charges of murder in Rangpur. The three-member tribunal was led by Justice M Enayetur Rahim and included Justice Jahangir Hossain and Justice Anwarul Haque. His reaction after the verdict was, "... Allah will try you, Insha'Allah". Jamaat-e-Islami called for a two-day strike (hartal) following the verdict. 
Islam's defense argued that the charges were politically motivated, but his appeals were rejected by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh in 2019. The Appellate Division bench was led by Chief Justice Syed Mahmud Hossain. Islam's principal lawyer at the appeal was Khandaker Mahbub Hossain, a politician of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Amnesty International and other human rights groups have raised concerns about the fairness of his trial, citing irregularities in the proceedings. 
Following the fall of the Sheikh Hasina-led Awami League regime, Jamaat-e-Islami's ameer, Shafiqur Rahman, demanded that for the release of Islam and for the reinstation of the party's registration. Jamaat staged protests in Gazipur District demanding his release. On 27 May 2025, he was acquitted by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. On 28 May 2025, he was released from jail.
Being a leader of Jamaat-e-Islami, which was a part of the Bangladeshi opposition against the AL regime. The court reviewed and found that the evidence on which the verdict in his case was based was unrealistic and fabricated and accusations of rape and murder lacked reliable proof, he was released in May 2025 after being proven as innocent.