Marcus Atilius, of the Atilia gens, was one of the early Roman poets, a comic playwright who lived around the 2nd century BCE.
He is classed among the comic poets of Rome by Roman literary critic Volcacius Sedigitus, who assigns him the fifth place among them in order of merit, after Caecilius, Plautus, Naevius, and . But as Atilius translated into Latin the "Electra" of Sophocles, it would appear that he wrote tragedies as well as comedies. The latter, however, may have been both superior to, and more numerous than, the former; and this would be a sufficient reason why Sedigitus classed him specifically among the comic poets. Some scholars, such as , have suggested that Atilius turned "Electra" into a comedy and that he wrote no tragedies at all, but others disagree with this conjecture and assume Atilius must have written both kinds of plays.
Among his other plays we have the titles of the following:
According to another reading the last three are attributed to a different poet, Aquillius.
With the exception of a line quoted by Cicero, and a few words preserved in two passages of Varro, nothing of Atilius has come down to us. Cicero calls him "poeta durissimus", and Licinius describes him as "ferreus scriptor".