The 2025 United States state legislative elections will be held on November 4, 2025, for two state legislative chambers in two states. Across the fifty states, 3 percent of all lower house seats will be up for election, with no upper house having regularly scheduled elections. These elections take place concurrently with several other state and local elections, including the 2025 gubernatorial elections.
Background.
The 2025 state legislative elections are the first held during the second presidency of Donald Trump following his victory in the 2024 presidential election. Republicans saw very modest coattails in the concurrent legislative elections, flipping a net of just over 50 seats from the Democrats and breaking Democratic trifectas in two states, but establishing no new trifectas of their own. Entering 2025, Republicans fully control 23 state governments, Democrats control 15, with 12 states under split control. Only two states are holding regularly-scheduled legislative elections in 2025: New Jersey, which Democrats fully control, and Virginia, where Democrats control the legislature but not the governorship.
Party switching.
Four incumbent state legislators have switched political parties during 2025, two leaving the Democratic Party and two leaving the Republican Party. In March, Daniel Thatcher, a moderate Republican Utah Senator left the party and joined the Utah Forward Party. Florida Senate Democratic leader Jason Pizzo announced he was leaving the Democratic Party to become an Independent in April 2025, citing the party's recent decline in power the state. He later announced an Independent run for governor of Florida. In May, Robin L. Webb, the last remaining rural Democratic member of the Kentucky Senate, left the party and joined the Republican supermajority. In June, Maine state senator Rick Bennett left the Republican Party and became an Independent, while simultaneously announcing a bid for governor of the state.
Summary table.
Regularly scheduled elections are to be held in two of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections are to be held for 180 of the 7,383 legislative seats. This table only covers regularly-scheduled elections; additional special elections will take place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.
State summaries.
New Jersey.
All of the seats of the New Jersey General Assembly are up for election in 2025. The New Jersey General Assembly has been controlled by the Democratic Party since 2002.
Virginia.
All of the seats of the Virginia House of Delegates are up for election in 2025. The Virginia House of Delegates has been controlled by the Democratic Party since 2024.
Special elections.
There are currently eighty-two state legislative special elections scheduled for 2025. More than half of all states have procedures for special state legislative elections. As of March 2025, only two seats, Iowa's 35th Senate District and Pennsylvania's 36th Senate District, have flipped parties; both seats went from a Republican Senator to a Democrat. Most Democratic special election candidates have outperformed Kamala Harris' 2024 performance in their respective districts, often by 10 percentage points or more, but almost all featured turnout less than half of that of the 2024 election. Democrats have additionally maintained their narrow control of the Minnesota Senate, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Virginia Senate, and Virginia House of Delegates, through special election victories, as well as reaffirming the tie in the Minnesota House of Representatives.
Mississippi.
Redistricting elections.
Ten special elections for the Mississippi Senate and five for the Mississippi House of Representatives will be held on November 4, 2025. These special elections were called as a result of redistricting mandated by a federal court designed to increase the number of majority-Black districts in both chambers to comply with the Voting Rights Act.